The Amazon River is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world, home to thousands of unique fish species. To protect this richness, many species are subject to specific fishing regulations designed to ensure their long-term survival.
In this article, we highlight key Amazonian fish species that have particular rules around size limits, seasonal bans, catch quotas, and sustainable management programs.
1. Arapaima (Pirarucu)
The arapaima is one of the largest freshwater fish on Earth, reaching over 2 meters in length. It was once near extinction but is now a success story of community-based sustainable management.
Key rules:
- Fishing allowed only in managed reserves with government approval
- Local communities set annual catch quotas
- Sport fishing is generally not allowed outside of authorized areas
- Strict closed season typically from November to March
2. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
An important commercial and food species in the Amazon, tambaqui is heavily regulated due to its popularity and vulnerability to overfishing.
Key rules:
- Minimum catch size: 55 cm (may vary by state)
- Closed season typically between October and February
- Violating these rules can result in heavy fines and fish confiscation
3. Peacock Bass (Tucunaré – Cichla spp.)
A favorite among sport fishers, the peacock bass is considered more resilient than other species, but still benefits from responsible fishing practices.
Key rules:
- Catch and release is highly encouraged
- Some regions limit the number of fish caught per day (e.g., max 5 per person)
- Minimum size recommendation: 35 cm (may vary locally)
4. Piraíba (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum)
The piraíba is a massive catfish and a target for big-game anglers. Due to its slow growth, it is heavily regulated.
Key rules:
- Fishing prohibited in many protected zones
- Minimum legal size: Around 1.5 to 2 meters
- Often permitted only for catch and release in select areas
5. Jaraqui and Curimatã (Semaprochilodus spp.)
These species are vital for local food security and thus closely monitored.
Key rules:
- Fishing banned during the breeding season (typically November to February)
- Minimum size limit: 25 cm (varies by region)
- Restrictions on subsistence catch limits to avoid overharvesting
Why Do These Rules Exist?
Fishing regulations in the Amazon are designed to:
- Protect threatened species from overfishing
- Preserve reproduction cycles through closed seasons
- Support sustainable livelihoods for local communities
- Maintain the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems
- Prevent illegal trade and environmental damage
How Can You Fish Legally and Sustainably?
Before fishing in the Amazon:
- Check if the area requires special authorization
- Consult the IBAMA website or local environmental offices
- Follow all rules regarding species, size, and quantity
- Hire local guides who are familiar with fishing laws and ethical practices
Responsible Fishing Helps Preserve the Amazon
Fishing with awareness is more than a hobby—it’s a commitment to environmental protection. Knowing the rules and respecting them ensures that the fish, the forest, and the communities that depend on them continue to thrive.
By choosing to follow sustainable fishing practices, you’re helping protect one of the most precious and endangered ecosystems on Earth.
Sou redatora especializada em pesca sustentável no Rio Amazonas, formada em Publicidade e Propaganda. Aliando comunicação e conservação, crio conteúdo que destaca o conhecimento tradicional, práticas sustentáveis e a preservação da biodiversidade amazônica. Meu trabalho visa conscientizar e inspirar ações responsáveis para proteger os rios e as comunidades que deles dependem.